Index
abolition: and Calvinism, 8, 10–12, 49–50, 225–26; French abolitionism, 16, 89, 97, 99–100, 117–41, 143–44, 146, 151–52, 154–55; and the Haitian Revolution, 97–101, 104–5, 139; and Methodism, 206, 224; US abolitionism, 181, 195, 206, 219
Act of Abjuration (Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, 1851), 25
Ailhaud, Jean Antoine, 100, 103
Alberti, Johannes, 46
Aldridge, William, 165–66, 180, 191
Allstyne, Jonathan, 216
Althusius, Johannes, 51
Amar, Jean-Pierre-André, 143
American Revolution: black loyalists, 197–98; influence on French Revolution, 85, 87; and Marrant’s Narrative, 160, 165, 167, 184; and republicanism, 4–5, 14
Anderson’s Constitutions of 1723, 233
Aniaba, 111
Annecy, Jean-Louis, 151
Antinomianism, 204–5
Arbuthnot, Marriot, 188
Aristophanes, 27
Arminius, Jacobus, 44
Articles of Capitulation, 198
Asbury, Francis, 204–5
Ash, William, 217
Atahualpa, 176
Auba, Etienne, 86
Backer, Willem, 55
Baker, John, 193
Baker, Keith Michael, 120
Bakkers, Wolmetje, 40
Baley, Charles, 213
Barber, Francis, 193
Barrère, Pierre, 116
Bartelink, Egbert Jacobus, 41–42
Batt, John, 220
Baudière, Ferrand de, 132
Bazonga, Isaac, 156–57
Bean, John, 259n93
Beaufort, Lieven de, 26
Beaumarchais, Pierre, 79
Beef, Jack, 193
Behn, Aphra, 126
Bekker, Balthasar, 23
Belknap, Jeremy, 221–22, 261n122
Belley, Jean-Baptiste: and the French Revolution, 91–92, 97, 99; life, 1–3, 6, 12, 14–16, 188, 245n35; life in Saint-Domingue, 76–81, 83–91, 152–53, 157–58; and the National Convention in Paris, 75–76, 106, 143–48, 151; and racial identity in France, 108, 112, 117, 141; and republicanism, 4, 100, 103–5, 107–8, 119, 128, 140–41, 145–50, 154, 156, 161
Belley, Joseph Domingue, 159
Benderius, Laurentius, 64
Benezet, Anthony, 11
Bentley, William, 220–21
Berlin, Ira, 3
Beunje, Jacobus de, 71
Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas, 142
Bisetus, 27
Blanchelande, Vicomte de, 98
Blucke, Margaret, 217–18
Blucke, Stephen, 217
Boardman, Richard, 205
Bodin, Jean, 30
Boeckhorst, Jan, 54
Boerhaave, Herman, 24
Boileau, 79
Boisrond, Louis François, 151
Boisson, Joseph Georges, 103, 106–7, 148, 151–53, 157
Bolster, W. Jeffrey, 185
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 158–59
Boni Rebellion, 42
Boogaart, Ernst van den, 36
Book of Negroes, 198–99, 202, 207, 217
Boone, Daniel, 178–79
Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, 111
Boufflers, Knight de, 113
Boulle, Pierre H., 115
Boutin, Father, 80
Bowdoin, James, 221
Breynton, John, 201
Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre, 101, 128–29, 133–34, 142, 145
Brooks, Joanna, 259n78, 259n83
Brothier, Martin Noël, 151
Brulley, Augustin-Jean, 142–48, 253n203
Bruni, Leonardo, 6
Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Count de, 37, 116–17
Bundock, Michael, 194
Bunyan, John, 163–64
Burr, Sandra, 259n88
Busbecq, Augier Ghislain de, 50
Buve, Raymond, 239n54
Calvinism: and abolitionism, 10–12, 50–51; and antinomianism, 204; and Jacobus Capitein, 1, 7, 15–16, 21, 24, 30, 44–49, 72; and the Dutch Enlightenment, 1, 15–16, 21; and John Marrant, 160, 168, 174, 208, 212, 214, 218–20, 223, 230; and republicanism, 7–8; and slavery, 30, 44–51, 208, 212, 225–27
Camboulas, Simon, 117
Cameron, Christopher, 223
Campbell, Joseph, 178
Campbell, Lord, 186–87
Cap, Jean-Baptiste, 98
Capitein, Jacobus: and Calvinism, 1, 4, 7, 12, 15–16, 21, 24, 30, 44–49, 72, 160, 241nn107–8, 243n139; and civic humanism, 26–27, 29; death, 74; defense of slavery, 19–20, 30, 38, 44–51, 57–58, 183; life, 1–4, 6–7, 12, 14–16, 21–26; life in Elmina, 59–73; race and identity, 14, 33–34, 37, 41, 44, 161; republicanism, 24–27, 29–32, 112; self-image, 51–59; stoicism, 28
Carleton, Sir Guy, 198
Champlain, Samuel de, 214
Channing, William Ellery, 222
Charles (king of England), 176
Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard, 140
Chauncy, Charles, 174
Chipman, William, 207
Choiseul, Duke de, 115
Choiseul-Praslin, Count de, 113
civic humanism, 4, 6, 26–27. See also republicanism
Clarkson, Thomas, 99
Clavière, Brissot, 122
Clinton, Henry, 181, 188, 258n31
Cocceius, Johannes, 45–46, 48, 52
Cohen, William B., 248n90
Colbert, Sampson, 202
Colman, Benjamin, 225
Conny, John, 61
Constantine the Great, 48
conversion narratives, 163–65, 170; Narrative of the Lord’s Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, 160–65, 167–80, 183–84
Cook, Joseph, 165–66
Corday, Charlotte, 119
cosmopolitanism: and Jean-Baptiste Belley, 6, 16, 76, 78, 91, 141–42, 154; and Jacobus Capitein, 6, 16, 20–21, 30, 41–42, 60, 68, 73–74; definition of, 1–4; and freemasonry, 235; and John Marrant, 6, 17, 160–61, 167, 185, 188, 192, 208, 218, 220, 234–35; and military service, 156. See also republicanism
Countess of Roosendaal, 40
Coymans, Balthasar, 35
Croswell, Andrew, 224
Crucius, Johannes, 49
Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah, 193, 195
Cuming, Alexander, 181
Cunaeus, Peter, 58
Curran, Andrew S., 116
Dalton, Scipio, 222
Dapper, Olfert, 43
d’Arcy, Louis-Marthe Gouy, 131
Daval, Jean, 109
Daval, Guillaume, 109
d’Avaux, Count, 109
David, Jacques-Louis, 102, 112
Davis, John, 175
Debien, Gabriel, 133
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 93, 105, 130
Dejoly, Etienne Louis Hector, 94, 130, 133–34
De La Court, Johan, 29
Delacroix, Jean-François, 118, 144
De Marees, Pieter, 36
Denucé, Jan, 54
De Petersen, Jacob, 60, 62, 73
d’Eppes, Robert, 109
De Sales, Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle, 116
Desjean, Bernard, 86
Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 159
d’Estaing, Count, 88–90
De Touchelongue, Fleuriau, 95
De Vogel, Pieter, 23
De Witt, Johan, 25
Dewulf, Jeroen, 242n126
d’Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, 23
Dickinson, Jonathan, 172
Dobie, Madeleine, 123
Donnadieu, Jean-Louis, 87
Du Barry, Countess, 113
Dufaÿ, Louis-Pierre, 75, 106–7, 118, 138–39, 143–44, 150–51, 154, 158
Dumas, Alexandre (author), 112
Dumas, Alexandre (general), 112, 136, 148
Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel, 123
Dürer, Albrecht, 54
Dutch Enlightenment, 15–16, 24. See also Calvinism; republicanism
Dutch Reformed Church, 21–22, 44, 48, 65, 69. See also Calvinism
Duverne, Isaac, 34
Edwards, Jonathan, 11, 225–26, 231–32
Eekhof, Albert, 56
Ehrard, Jean, 121
Emicke, Johanna, 40
Equiano, Olaudah, 9–11, 194–95
Erasmus of Rotterdam, 22
Essig, James D., 224
evangelism, 7, 9, 16, 65, 68, 161–67, 177, 189, 191, 203, 204–6, 224. See also antinomianism; Capitein, Jacobus; Great Awakening; Marrant, John; Methodism; Whitefield, George
Everts, Natalie, 69
Feinberg, Harvey M., 242n130, 243n133
Fielding, Sir John, 194
Filson, John, 179
Finkenbine, Roy E., 219
Fleming, Elizabeth, 179
Fouquier-Thinville, Antoine, 147
François I, 109
Franklin, Benjamin, 182
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 53
freemasonry, 1, 4, 15, 17, 160–61, 218–19, 221, 228–29, 231–35
Frelinghuysen, Theodorus Jacobus, 10, 46
French and Indian War, 179–80
French Revolution, 1–2, 15–16, 76, 91–97, 100, 108, 117–19, 147. See also Haitian Revolution
Frey, Sylvia R., 204
Fryer, Peter, 194
Furmage, William, 216
Galbaud, Thomas François, 103, 138
Garat, Dominique Joseph, 129
Garcia, Antonio, 35
Garnot, Pierre-Nicolas, 106–7, 148, 151
Garrettson, Freeborn, 205–8, 215–17
Garrigus, John D., 100, 245n39
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 175–76
Gerzina, Gretchen, 192
Gilbert, Alan, 258n53
Gilroy, Paul, 237n5
Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, Anne-Louis, 140
Gomarus, Franciscus, 44
Gouly, Benoît-Louis, 149–51
Gradis, Abraham, 113
Graham, Billy, 164
Gravesande, Willem ’s, 24
Great Awakening, 163, 174, 181, 200, 203–4, 224
Grégoire, Abbé, 95–96, 101, 129, 131, 133, 137, 144
Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo, 141
Grillo, Domingo, 35
Gronniosaw, James Albert Ukawsaw, 9–10, 46, 168–69, 176, 193–94
Grotius, Hugo, 49–50
Gyles, John, 179
Habersham, James, 190
Haitian Revolution, 16, 91, 97–100, 144
Hall, Primus, 222
Hall, Prince, 220–22, 224, 233, 235, 259n88, 260n102
Handley, Scipio, 198
Hanssen, Philip Samuel, 41
Hanssen, Susanna, 41
Harding, Harris, 203
Harmenopoulos, 27
Hart, Oliver, 166, 186, 203, 227
Hatch, Nathan O., 206
Haynes, Lemuel, 11–12, 16, 225–28
Hazard, Ebenezer, 222
Hébert, Jacques, 156
Hector, Charles, 88
Hédouville, Gabriel, 152–53
Heinsius, Daniel, 24
Heinsius, Nicolaas, 24
Hendricksen, Meynaert, 64
Henri III (king of France), 109
Hérault de Séchelles, Marie-Jean, 135
Hermansz, Jan, 63
Herries, Elizabeth, 218
Heurnius, Pastor, 50
Hobbes, Thomas, 29
Hondius, Dienke, 39
Hondius, Jacobus, 49
Hopkins, Samuel, 12, 225–26, 228–29, 232
Horace, 27
Houtman, Abraham, 63
Howe, Sir William, 198
Huntingdon, Lady (Selina Hastings), 9, 165–66, 168, 189–90, 195, 211, 215–16, 234, 259n93
Indian War of 1776, 181
Isabella of Portugal, 53
Ismeria, 108–9
Italian Renaissance, 6
Jacob, Margaret C., 24
Jacobin club, 100, 102, 104, 117–19, 137, 139, 142, 146
Jansz, Tabo, 40
Jaucourt, Chevalier Louis de, 121–22
Jeremiah, Thomas, 186–87
Johnson, Samuel, 193
Jones, Charles C., 246n48
Jordaens, Jacob, 54
Jordan, Winthrop D., 225
Kantrowitz, Stephen, 235
Ketelanus, Isaacus, 70
Kidd, Thomas, 182
King, Boston, 207
King, Stewart R., 84–85, 87–88
King, Violet, 207
King William’s War, 179
Koerbagh, Adriaan, 22
Kossmann, E. H., 51
Kpobi, David Nii Anum, 241n107
Kwamena Ekem, John D., 71
Labuissonnière, Julien, 136–38
La Fontaine, Jean de, 79
Laforest, Etienne Bussière, 106, 151
La Luzerne, Anne-César de, 130
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 23
La Rondière, Louis, 87
Laurent, Gérard M., 245n35
Laurens, Henry, 187
Lavallée, Joseph, 127–28
Laveaux, Etienne, 151
Le Cat, Claude-Nicolas, 116
Leclerc, Charles Victor Emmanuel, 158–59
Légion des Américains (Légion de Saint-George), 136–37, 156
Le Sueur, Jean-François, 239n50
Lethière, Guillaume Guillon, 112
Lewis, Michael, 185
Liedet, Loyset, 54
Limbourg, Herman, Paul, and Johan, 53
Limerick, Isaac, 201
Linnaeus, Carl, 116
Loango, Christiaan Congo, 40
Lock, John, 213
Lomelino, Ambrosio, 35
Lopez, Matteo, 110
Louis the Moor, 41
Louis-Hector, Marquis de Villars, 86
Louis X (king of France), 121
Louis XIII (king of France), 109
Louis XIV (king of France), 77, 86, 109, 111
Louis XV (king of France), 113
Louis XVI (king of France), 79, 146
Lowe, Kate, 249n99
Machiavelli, 6
Maitland, John, 90
Malic, Jean-Baptiste Magny dit, 87
Manger, Johann Philipp, 22–23, 31–32, 52
Mansfield, Lord, 193
Marc, Jean-Baptiste, 99
Marchinton, Philip, 215
Margrett, David, 186, 190, 192
Marrant, John: “Africanist Calvinism,” 214; life, 1–4, 14–16, 160–61, 184, 193–95, 198, 208, 211, 213, 217–20, 223, 258n31, 259n88, 259n93; military service, 185–88; Narrative of the Lord’s Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, 160–65, 167–80, 183–84; Nova Scotia, 191–92, 196, 199, 208, 213; religious thought, 9, 12, 15, 160–71, 173–78, 180–81, 183–84, 189–92, 203–4, 209–10, 212, 214–16, 220, 225, 227, 230–35, 257n8; and republicanism, 6, 17, 214, 216, 218–20, 232–35
Marsden, John, 165–66
Mary (queen of England), 8
Mathews, Donald G., 206
Mathorez, Jules, 109, 113, 248n94
Maurus, Johannes, 53
Maury, Abbé, 132
McGrath, Elizabeth, 54
Meckel, Johann Friedrich, 37, 116
Meinertzhagen, Sara Elizabeth, 23
Mentor, Etienne, 16, 151, 154–57
Mercier, Louis, 79
Mercier, Louis-Sébastien, 124
Mercure, 113
Mesnier, Jacques, 91
Methodism: and abolition, 205–8, 224; influence on John Marrant, 1, 15, 160, 164–65, 184, 189, 195, 204, 216; theological tenets, 9, 15, 182, 204–8
Michaëlius, Jonas, 63–64
Mijnhardt, Wijnand W., 24
Miles, Tiya, 177
Mills, Jean-Baptiste, 75, 106, 140, 143
Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 79
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de, 116–17, 120–21
More, Henry, 28
Moreau de Saint-Méry, Médéric Louis Elie, 78–79, 86, 131
Morse, Jedidiah, 222
Mostaert, Jan, 54
Murray, John, 224
New Light Baptists, 200, 203, 214, 224
Newman, Richard S., 219
Nicholas, Thomas, 176
Occom, Samson, 10
Odo, Jeanne, 137–38
Ogé, Vincent, 96, 98–100, 133, 135
Oglethorpe, James, 181
Ollivier, Vincent, 86–87
Oroonoko (Behn), 126–27
Page, Pierre-François, 142–48, 253n203
Panaetius, 27
Panton, George, 201
Parr, Governor, 217
Peabody, Sue, 114
Peckwell, Henry, 195
Perkins, Cato, 217
Peters, George, 198
Peters, Hector, 202
Pétiniaud, François, 151
Pétion de Villeneuve, Jérôme, 101, 131
Philip II (king of Spain), 25
Piercy, William, 190–91
Pizarro, Francisco, 176
Planche, Captain, 106
Pocahontas, 175
Pocock, J. G. A., 4–5
Poivre, Pierre, 122
Poix-Blanc, 109
Polverel, Etienne, 100, 102–5, 138, 141–43, 145, 147–48, 253n203
Polybius, 5
Poncet de la Grave, Guillaume, 115
Poudroyen, Cornelius, 50
Prah, Kwesi Kwaa, 67
Pranger, Jan, 62
Prévost, Abbé, 123–24
Protten, Christian Jacob, 64
Protten, Rebecca, 64
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 29
Quaco, 40
Raimond, Julien, 130–36, 138, 143
Ramsay, James, 195
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, 124–25, 141
Réchin, 106
Rembrandt van Rijn, 54, 241n101
republicanism: and abolitionism, 16, 118, 123, 124, 125–28, 225–27, 235; and Jean-Baptiste Belley, 76, 80, 100–101, 103, 107–8, 120, 141–42, 145, 150, 153–54, 156–58; and Jacobus Capitein, 30, 50, 59, 68, 72, 74; definition of, 3–7, 29; and Dutch republicanism, 25–27, 29–30, 38; and the French Revolution, 16, 102, 105, 108, 118–19, 138–40, 145; and John Marrant, 161, 208, 212, 214, 232; and Ziméo, 125–28. See also civic humanism; cosmopolitanism
Richards, Peter, 202
Richelieu, Cardinal de, 110
Robespierre, Maximilien, 101–2, 119, 131–33, 147–48, 156
Rochambeau, Viscount de, 159
Rochefort, Marquess de, 111
Rodger, N. A. M., 185
Rodgers, Daniel T., 5
Rodrigues, Antoon, 39
Rogers, Daniel, 223
Rogers, Dominique, 82
Rolfe, John, 175
Romaine, William, 166, 191, 195
Roscam, F. C., 58
Rosen, Robert N., 167
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 79–80, 101
Rouvray, Laurent-François Le Noir, 88–91, 246n48
Rowlandson, Mary, 172–74
Rubens, Pieter Paul, 54
Rühle, Jacob, 40
Rush, Benjamin, 261n122
Ruttenburg, Nancy, 174
Ryser, Brandijn, 55–56
Saam, Moses Bom, 123–24
Sabran, Madame de, 113
Saillant, John, 11, 174, 213–14
Saint-André, Jean Bon, 142
Saint-Georges, Chevalier de, 112
Saint-Lambert, Jean-François de, 125–26, 133
Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de, 133
Saint-Pierre, Jacques Bernardin-Henri de, 39
Saint-Rémy, Joseph, 245n35
Saint-Venant, Jean Barré de, 95
Samson, Elisabeth, 42
Sancho, Ignatius, 193
Sarter, Caesar, 223
Sartine, Antoine de, 114
Saumaise, Claude, 24
Scalinger, Joseph, 24
Schama, Simon, 119
Schies, J. C., 64
Schlenther, Boyd Stanley, 190
Schouten, Gerrit, 41
Scougal, Henry, 164
Sekora, John, 178
Sepinwall, Alyssa Goldstein, 91
Seven Years’ War, 82, 85–86, 88
Sharp, Granville, 195
Shays’ Rebellion, 221
Shirley, Walter, 168
Sigongne, 109
Skinner, Quentin, 237n8
Slotkin, Richard, 178
Smets, Marten, 52
Smith, John, 175–76
Smytegelt, Bernardus, 49
Société des Amis des Noirs, 97, 101, 104, 122–23, 128, 133, 154
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 122
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 64, 181, 190, 200
Sonthonax, Léger Félicité, 100–5, 120, 130, 138, 141–43, 145, 147–48, 151–53, 155, 158, 253n203
Stearns, Shubal, 203
Stedman, John Gabriel, 40
Stillman, Samuel, 218, 222, 227–30
stoicism, 27–29, 102, 229, 231
Strawbridge, Robert, 205
Suurdeeg, Abraham, 65
Tang, Dirk, 239n54
Taylor, William, 189
Tekki, 62
Télémaque, César, 144
Thomany, Pierre, 16, 151, 154–55, 157–58
Thomasius, Christian, 28
Thompson, Thomas, 64
Thuriot de la Rosière, Jacques-Alexis, 148
Timberlake, Henry, 181
Tollemache, John, 187
Toussaint Louverture, François-Dominique (Toussaint Bréda), 99, 151–53, 155–56, 158
Treaty of Münster (1648), 34, 53
Treaty of Paris (1783), 198
Treaty of Rijswijk (1697), 77
Treaty of Westphalia (1648), 109
Udemans, Godfried, 49
Upton, William H., 221
Usselincx, Willem, 49–50
Valverde, Vincent, 176
Van Bredehoff, Adriaan (Adriaan de Bruijn), 40
Van Condet, Casper, 23
Van den Broecke, Pieter, 36
Van den Enden, Franciscus, 23, 29
Van den Honert, Johannes, 45
Van den Honert, Taco Hajo, 45–46, 52
van der Helst, Bartholomeus, 241n101
Van der Zee, Henri, 31
Van Dillen, Johannes Gerard, 243n139
Van Goch, Catharina, 57
Van Goch, Jacob, 22–23, 31–34, 51, 57–58, 60, 73
Van Musschenbroek, Pieter, 24
Van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan, 25
Van Onna, Jan Elias, 41–42
Van Slingelandt, Simon, 30
Velse, Hendrik, 31, 58, 68, 70
Verneuil, Louis François René, 147
Voltaire, 79–80, 117, 121, 125
Voet, Paul, 38
Vossius, Isaac, 24
Wadtsröm, Carl Bernhard, 154
Walker, James W. St. G., 199–200
War of Spanish Succession, 86
Ware, Opoku, 66
Washington, George, 190–91, 198, 228
Webb, Thomas, 205
Wesley, Charles, 164
Wesley, John, 9, 164–65, 204–5, 208, 214
Weyne, Jan, 41
Whitefield, George, 9–10, 12, 46, 162–66, 168–70, 174, 177, 181–83, 189–90, 200, 204, 224
Whitehead, Ruth Holmes, 258nn30–31
WIC (West India Company), 22, 34–35, 40, 55, 57–68, 70–74, 242n116, 242n129, 243n133, 243nn139–40
Wilhelm, Hieronymus de, 56, 71, 241n107
Wilkins, Isaac, 218
Willem II (Dutch stadhouder), 25
Willem III (Dutch stadhouder), 25
Willem IV (Dutch stadhouder), 25
William of Orange, 29
Williams, John, 172–74
Williamson, Peter, 179
Wills, Thomas, 166, 189, 191–92
Wood, Betty, 204
Wood, Peter, 181
Woods, Joseph, 195
Yamassee War of 1715, 180
Ysebout, Bartholomeus, 64
Zaga-Christ, 110
Zamor, 113
Zarate, Augustin de, 176